הורד מצגת
המצגת נטענת. אנא המתן
1
יינון המים In the ionization of water,
H+ is transferred from one H2O molecule to another. one water molecule acts as an acid, while another acts as a base. H2O(l) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + OH−(aq)
2
המשך יינון המים In water,
H+ is transferred from one H2O molecule to another. one water molecule acts as an acid, while another acts as a base. H2O H2O H3O OH− :O: H + H:O: H:O:H :O:H− H H H water water hydronium hydroxide ion (+) ion (-)
3
קבוע שיווי המשקל של המים
The ion product constant, Kw, for water at 25 C is the product of the concentrations of the hydronium and hydroxide ions. Kw = [ H3O+][ OH−] is obtained from the concentrations in pure water.
4
Pure Water is Neutral א. ריכוזי ההדרוניום וההדרוקסיד במים ניטרלים
In pure water, the ionization of water molecules produces small but equal quantities of H3O+ and OH− ions.
5
Acidic Solutions ב. ריכוזי ההדרוניום וההדרוקסיד בתמיסה חומצית
Adding an acid to pure water increases the [H3O+], decreases the [OH−], and causes the [H3O+] to exceed 1.0 x 10−7 M.
6
Basic Solutions ג. ריכוזי ההדרוניום וההדרוקסיד בתמיסה בסיסית
Adding a base to pure water, increases the [OH−], decreases the [H3O+], and causes the [OH−] to exceed 1.0 x 10−7 M.
7
Comparison of [H3O+] and [OH−]
סיכום Comparison of [H3O+] and [OH−]
![Comparison of [H3O+] and [OH−]](http://slideplayer.co.il/slide/17538886/103/images/7/Comparison+of+%5BH3O%2B%5D+and+%5BOH%E2%88%92%5D.jpg "סיכום. Comparison of [H3O+] and [OH−]")
8
[H3O+] and [OH−] in Solutions
סיכום [H3O+] and [OH−] in Solutions In neutral, acidic, or basic solutions, the Kw at 25 C is always 1.0 x 10−14.
![[H3O+] and [OH−] in Solutions](http://slideplayer.co.il/slide/17538886/103/images/8/%5BH3O%2B%5D+and+%5BOH%E2%88%92%5D+in+Solutions.jpg "סיכום. [H3O+] and [OH−] in Solutions. In neutral, acidic, or basic solutions, the Kw at 25 C is. always 1.0 x 10−14.")
9
[H3O+] and [OH−] שלבים בחישוב ריכוזי
הרחבה 8-14
![[H3O+] and [OH−] שלבים בחישוב ריכוזי](http://slideplayer.co.il/slide/17538886/103/images/9/%5BH3O%2B%5D+and+%5BOH%E2%88%92%5D+%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9D+%D7%91%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%91+%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%96%D7%99.jpg "הרחבה")
10
דוגמא Calculating [H3O+]
What is the [H3O+] of a solution if [OH−] is 5.0 x 10−8 M? Step 1 Write the Kw for water. Kw = [H3O+ ][OH− ] Step 2 Solve the Kw for the unknown [H3O+]. [H3O+] = 1.0 x 10−14 [OH−] Step 3 Substitute the known [OH−] into the equation and calculate. [H3O+] = x 10
![דוגמא Calculating [H3O+]](http://slideplayer.co.il/slide/17538886/103/images/10/%D7%93%D7%95%D7%92%D7%9E%D7%90+Calculating+%5BH3O%2B%5D.jpg "What is the [H3O+] of a solution if [OH−] is 5.0 x 10−8 M Step 1 Write the Kw for water. Kw = [H3O+ ][OH− ] Step 2 Solve the Kw for the unknown [H3O+]. [H3O+] = 1.0 x 10−14. [OH−] Step 3 Substitute the known [OH−] into the equation. and calculate. [H3O+] = 1.0 x 10.")
11
תרגיל 1 Learning Check If lemon juice has [H3O+] of 2 x 10−3 M, what is the [OH−] of the solution? A. 2 x 10−11 M B. 5 x 10−11 M C. 5 x 10−12 M
![תרגיל 1 Learning Check. If lemon juice has [H3O+] of 2 x 10−3 M, what is the [OH−] of the solution](http://slideplayer.co.il/slide/17538886/103/images/11/%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%99%D7%9C+1+Learning+Check.+If+lemon+juice+has+%5BH3O%2B%5D+of+2+x+10%E2%88%923+M%2C+what+is+the+%5BOH%E2%88%92%5D+of+the+solution.jpg "A. 2 x 10−11 M. B. 5 x 10−11 M. C. 5 x 10−12 M.")
12
פתרון 1 Solution If lemon juice has [H3O+] of 2 x 10−3 M, what is the [OH−] of the solution? Step 1 Write the Kw for water. Kw = [H3O+][OH−] = 1.0 x 10−14 Step 2 Solve the Kw for the unknown [OH−]. [OH−] = 1.0 x 10−14 [H3O+ ] Step 3 Substitute the known [H3O+] into the equation and calculate. [2 x 10−3 ] Answer is C.
![פתרון 1 Solution. If lemon juice has [H3O+] of 2 x 10−3 M, what is the [OH−] of the solution Step 1 Write the Kw for water.](http://slideplayer.co.il/slide/17538886/103/images/12/%D7%A4%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9F+1+Solution.+If+lemon+juice+has+%5BH3O%2B%5D+of+2+x+10%E2%88%923+M%2C+what+is+the+%5BOH%E2%88%92%5D+of+the+solution+Step+1+Write+the+Kw+for+water..jpg "Kw = [H3O+][OH−] = 1.0 x 10−14. Step 2 Solve the Kw for the unknown [OH−]. [OH−] = 1.0 x 10−14. [H3O+ ] Step 3 Substitute the known [H3O+] into the equation. and calculate. [2 x 10−3 ] Answer is C.")
13
תרגיל 2 Learning Check The [OH−] of an ammonia solution is 4.0 x 10−2 M. What is the [H3O+ ] of the solution? 1) 2.5 x 10− 11 M 2) 2.5 x 10−12 M 3) 2.5 x 10−13 M
![תרגיל 2 Learning Check. The [OH−] of an ammonia solution is 4.0 x 10−2 M. What is the [H3O+ ] of the solution](http://slideplayer.co.il/slide/17538886/103/images/13/%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%99%D7%9C+2+Learning+Check.+The+%5BOH%E2%88%92%5D+of+an+ammonia+solution+is+4.0+x+10%E2%88%922+M.+What+is+the+%5BH3O%2B+%5D+of+the+solution.jpg "1) 2.5 x 10− 11 M. 2) 2.5 x 10−12 M. 3) 2.5 x 10−13 M.")
14
פתרון 2 Solution 3) 2.5 x 10−13 M [ H3O+] = x 10−14 = 2.5 x 10−13 M 4.0 x 10−2
![פתרון 2 Solution 3) 2.5 x 10−13 M [ H3O+] = 1.0 x 10−14 = 2.5 x 10−13 M 4.0 x 10−2](http://slideplayer.co.il/slide/17538886/103/images/14/%D7%A4%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9F+2+Solution+3%29+2.5+x+10%E2%88%9213+M+%5B+H3O%2B%5D+%3D+1.0+x+10%E2%88%9214+%3D+2.5+x+10%E2%88%9213+M+4.0+x+10%E2%88%922.jpg "פתרון 2 Solution 3) 2.5 x 10−13 M [ H3O+] = 1.0 x 10−14 = 2.5 x 10−13 M 4.0 x 10−2")
מצגות קשורות
