אלקטרושליליות ופולריות הקשר מהי אלקטרושליליות? Electronegativity is a measure of an atom’s ability to attract bonding electrons. increases from left to right, going across a period on the periodic table. decreases going down a group on the periodic table. is high for the nonmetals, with fluorine as the highest. is low for the metals and transition metals.

ערכי אלקטרושליליות של אטומים

סוג הקשר נקבע עפ"י ההפרשים באלקטרושליליות של אטומים The difference in the electronegativity of two atoms can be used to predict the type of bond that forms. Bonds are classified as: nonpolar covalent polar covalent ionic

H2 יצירת קשר קוולנטי לא פולרי ב H-H 2.1-2.1=0 nonpolar covalent

קשרים קוולנטים לא פולריים קשרים קוולנטים לא פולריים A nonpolar covalent bond occurs between nonmetals. has an equal or almost equal sharing of electrons. has almost no electronegativity difference (0.0 to 0.4). Examples: Atoms Electronegativity Type of Bond Difference H-H 2.1 - 2.1 = 0 nonpolar covalent

HCl יצירת קשר קוולנטי פולרי ב H-Cl 3.0 - 2.1 = 0.9 polar covalent

קשרים קוולנטים פולרים A polar covalent bond occurs between nonmetal atoms that do not share electrons equally. has a moderate electronegativity difference (0.5 to 1.7). Examples: Atoms Electronegativity Type of Bond Difference H-Cl 3.0 - 2.1 = 0.9 polar covalent

קשרים יונים An ionic bond occurs between metal and nonmetal ions. is a result of electron transfer. has a large electronegativity difference (1.8 or more). Examples: Atoms Electronegativity Type of Bond Difference Na-Cl 3.0 - 0.9 = 2.1 ionic

השוואה בין קשר קוולנטי לא פולרי לפולרי An uneven sharing of electrons in a polar covalent bond is denoted using the Greek symbol delta, , meaning partial. Chapter 3 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

אלקטרושליליות וסוג הקשר

ניבוי סוג הקשר על פי ההפרשים באלקטרושליליות

Bond Polarity and Dipoles פולריות הקשר ודיפולים Bond Polarity and Dipoles Bonds become more polar as the difference in electronegativity values of bonding atoms increases. Polar covalent bonds have a separation of charges called a dipole. The positive and negative ends of the dipole are indicated by the lowercase Greek letter delta with a positive or negative sign, δ+ and δ-, or an arrow that points from the positive to the negative charge.

תרגיל Learning Check Use the electronegativity difference to identify the type of bond between the following atoms as nonpolar covalent (NP), polar covalent (P), or ionic (I). A. K–N B. N–O C. Cl–Cl D. B–Cl

פתרון Solution Use the electronegativity difference to identify the type of bond between the following atoms as nonpolar covalent (NP), polar covalent (P), or ionic (I). A. K–N 2.2 ionic (I) B. N–O 0.5 polar covalent (P) C. Cl–Cl 0.0 nonpolar covalent (NP) D. B–Cl 1.0 polar covalent (P)